Ketone bodies

Ketone bodies are produced mainly in

A. Liver

B. Brain

C. Heart

D. Lipocytes

Ketone bodies enters the citric acid cycle in the form of –

A. α-Ketoglutarate

B. Malonyl-CoA 

C. Acetyl-CoA

D. Succinyl-CoA

All of the following are Ketone bodies produced by the liver EXCEPT –

A. α-Ketoglutaric acid

B. acetoacetic acid

C. beta-hydroxybutyrate

D. acetone

Ketone bodies are usually produced in liver cells by the breakdown of –

A. Carbohydrates

B. Fatty acids

C. Alcohol

D. Proteins

Glycogen stores typically are depleted within the first ———— hours of fasting.

A. 12

B. 24

C. 48

D. 72

What is the characteristic smell of Ketone bodies in patients with ketosis?

A. Fruity

B. Musty

C. Urine

D. Fishy

Fatty acids can only be metabolized in

A. Endoplasmic reticulum

B. Mitochondria

C. Ribosome

D. Nucleolus

Red blood cells entirely dependent on ————– for their energy requirements.

A. Electron transport chain

B. Oxidative Phosphorylation

C. Anaerobic glycolysis

D. Kreb cycle

Ketone bodies can be used as fuel in ALLof the following EXCEPT-

A. Heart

B. Brain

C. Muscle

D. Liver

Liver cannot use ketone bodies for energy because it lacks the enzyme –

A. Fumarase

B. Aconitase

C. Thiophorase

D. Citrate synthase

Heart preferentially uses ——————- as fuel under normal physiologic conditions.

A. Amino acids

B. Glucose

C. Fatty acids

D. Ketone bodies

Which structure in the brain can locally synthesized ketone bodies in food restrictive conditions –

A. Neurons

B. Purkinje cells

C. Glial cells

D. Synapses

In-Shorts

Endogenous ketone bodies-

  • Acetoacetic acid
  • Beta-hydroxybutyrate
  • Acetone

Other ketone bodies –

β-ketopentanoate and β-hydroxypentanoate

may be created as a result of the metabolism of synthetic triglycerides, such as triheptanoin

Triheptanoin –

Medication for the treatment of children and adults with molecularly confirmed long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD)

“sweet & fruity” odor in breath of persons in ketosis or ketoacidosis is due to –

Acetone

Breath Smells – fruity or like nail polish remover

Acetone produced by ketogenesis – patients can have breath that smells fruity or like nail polish remover